Archaeology, Collectors and Preservation

Archaeology, Collectors and Preservation: a Reply to David Gill
Paul Barford
Archaeoblogger (http://paul-barford.blogspot.com/) We have become accustomed to assessing both the PAS and Treasure Act in terms of important finds preserved in national collections and the numbers of recorded pieces of information about objects found by members of the public. This however conflates the results of two different processes, the first is accidental finds made by members of the public going about their everyday lives, while the second source of these objects is from the deliberate exploitation of the archaeological record as a source of collectables for entertainment and profit. While the first is wholly uncontroversial, the latter involves a complex of issues connected with the way the archaeological record is treated and managed. David Gill however questions the degree to which a reporting system like Treasure Act/ PAS prevents damage to the archaeological record from the activities of artefact hunters and collectors. His text is an important contribution to the ongoing wider discussion of these complex and difficult issues [more here...].

European Heritage Days

It is interesting to see where the European Heritage Days events - a joint action of the Council of Europe and the European Commission - are taking place this month, and where the heritage is being promoted:

Map of heritage sites participating

Apparently most of England does not see itself very much as part of the European heritage zone, but look at Ireland (and then recall the differences in attitudes to the Collection Driven Exploitation of the archaeological record in both countries).  Poland, in the centre of Europe, is well-represented. France is a bit of an odd blank  on this map.

The aim of European Heritage Days is to:

- raise the awareness of European citizens to the richness and cultural diversity of Europe;
- create a climate in which the appreciation of the rich mosaic of European cultures is stimulated;
- counter racism and xenophobia and encourage greater tolerance in Europe and beyond the national borders;
- inform the public and the political authorities about the need to protect cultural heritage against new threats;
- invite Europe to respond to the social, political and economic challenges it faces.

Find out more at www.europeanheritagedays.com

 

Responsible Hoard Finder, There Are Some

Sunbeams   Early morning sunbeams and
  fog near Obrenovac in Serbia by aremac

Can you imagine this? Forester Bogusław Szwichtenberg found two pots with medieval silver coins in them last year and they were worth half a million, he handed them over (as the law requires) and was given a treasure reward, fifty thousand and the thanks of the Minister of Culture for his responsible behaviour in not taking the objects to a dealer, but handing them over to a museum. Of course this was not in the UK where Treasure hunters would not dream of accepting anything less than their market value - for otherwise they'd have no problems flogging the stuff off.  But the Polish leiter of the newly-formed "European Council for Metal Detecting" wants to bring British attitudes to the heritage to enrichen the honest detector users of Poland. I'll not wish them luck ('Znaleźli prawdziwe skarby, ale oddali je państwu' [in Polish]).

The Portable Antiquities Scam

This was ten years ago in a TAG session called 'CRITICAL APPROACHES TO ARTEFACTS'. Nothing much has changed since then, the public is still being scammed athat artefact hunting is in some way a good thing for archaeology and the archaeological record.

The Portable Antiquities Scam 

Paul Barford (Warsaw, Poland) 

By means of the Portable Antiquities Scheme the private exploitation of archaeological sites by artefact hunters and the personal collecting of archaeological artefacts is encouraged in the guise of “archaeological outreach” to the British public. During its seven years operation, the Scheme has largely concentrated on making contacts with the metal detecting fraternity and “recording” their finds in order to increase the size of its “database” (which it seems to regard as its main raison d’etre). Despite its active ‘propaganda of success’, it must be admitted that the Scheme’s achievements have fallen short of potential, both in terms of numbers of artefact hunters reached, but especially in terms of actual “archaeological outreach” to them. Liaison is superficial and fragile and - despite great effort and expenditure - in real terms seems to have achieved little. PAS has furthermore been primarily focussed on the artefactological aspects of its work rather than nurturing any form of more generally archaeological approach or encouraging discussion of heritage management issues. The artefactological focus seems also to be a major component of the ‘theoretical background’ of the Scheme. The operation of the PAS has merely resulted in a confirmation of the ‘stamp collecting’ approach within the artefact hunting fraternity, isolated from any wider archaeological or conservation concerns. Liaison however goes both ways, the focus of one of the better funded archaeological schemes in the country today is not without influence on the profession itself but in particular on the perceptions of archaeology of its broader public audience.

 

Mr. Jorrocks' Hunt

 

Metal Detectorist Arrested in Greece

The seized artefacts (Greek Reporter)

Antiquity looting and smuggling are a pervasive problem in Greece, the Greek police make dozens of arrests per year in connection with the trade. Greek police announced the arrest on Monday of a 72-year-old Greek man accused of violation of cultural heritage law, possession of illegal weapons, as well as embezzlement. The 72-year-old man had reportedly been involved in similar activity in the past.

Investigation of the man’s home in a village near the city of Alexandria in northern Greece revealed 1,061 ancient copper coins. Most date from the Hellenistic period – the third to first centuries BC – the Byzantine period – 330 AD to 1453 AD – and the Ottoman period – the 15th to the 19th centuries AD. Police said that the coins were seized on Sunday, along with 30 silver coins dating to the same periods, 16 copper rings, as well as precious jewels of the Byzantine and post-Byzantine eras. Police also found an assault rifle, seven pistols of various calibers, six handguns, two hunting rifles, 15 metal detectors [...] . 

The photo accompanying the article shows a heap of uncleaned coins which were either in his own personal collection or were destined for the market, and artefacts among which is something which looks like aqn radiate headed fibula. One of the objects however, while it may be 'Byzantine', I suppose looks awfully like the sort of things that come out of the SE Baltic/ NW Russian regions. Is this collection a mixture of locally found and imported artefacts? Only closer analysis can tell.

Nikoleta Kalmouki, 'Greek Man Arrested for Illegal Possession of Ancient Coins' Greek reporter Sep 30, 2014. 

 The Ridgway

A mere one thousand years ago,
King Alfred marched this crest of chalk
To fight the Danish foe,
And strained to see that very lark.
In this same Saxon blue.

Just two thousand years ago,
The feet of Rome stamped here and here
Upon this bouncing turf,
And glittering, ravenous conqueror’s eyes
Devoured these seemly, gentle hills.

From here, four thousand years ago,
The men of Bronze surveyed their works
Through eyes as wide as mine,
As wondrous Silbury, virgin white,
Bedazzled in it’s prime.

And here, six thousand years ago
Gazed Neolithic eyes
On wonders older still:
On tombs of Kennet, Avebury Henge
And ancient, ancient Windmill Hill.

Now they are gone, those mighty men,
Those Lords of all they saw,
And only I am left to walk
This high and winding lonely lane,
Whilst all around, on deep-etched hills,
Their proud, immortal marks remain.

What voice commands, what power compels
That such as they should go?
It is the same insistent call
As whispers in my ear:
There is a time for mortal men,
You may not linger here.

Perhaps, like mine, their spirits soared,
Above this magic land,
Perhaps they both rejoiced and cried
At beauty unconfined,
Perhaps this final earthly view
Blazed in dying eyes.

Perhaps that spark has never died,
And essences remain.
For see that joyous soaring lark
And hear it’s blissful cries.
It could not be more free than I,
Nor joyful nor fulfilled:
Perhaps no power, no time, no death
Can take me from these hills.

Detectorists’ Personal Sites

This list of "Detectorists’ Personal Sites" comes from the "Links" section of the UKDFD alongside their intelligence-insulting "Metal Detecting - The Hobby and its Detractors". The site seems to have been neglected and most of these links no longer work (and the "Widget" one seems to be infected with something - click at your own risk) 

• Bazza's Site
• Bob Bailey's Metal Detecting Site
• Ceejay's Metal Detecting Pages
• Detego Metal Detecting
• Venicone's Site
• Dino's Site
• Widget's Site
• Dean's Site

So why is it that in 2005 it was fashionable for detectorists to make websites showing what they had found, and today it is no longer so attractive a proposition? Are these people ashamed of what they are doing?